ABSTRACTDuring the last century, ports of Persian Gulf become the most important storage, refining and transportation of crude oil, oil derivation, petrochemical products and also, business activities. Nowadays, due to functional diversity between ports, the impact of port activities on the development of urban spaces will be different, and this issue leads to structural differences of port cities. The purpose of this research is to identify the key variables affecting the relations and spatial structure of port-city in Dubai as the most thriving and successful port-city in the Persian Gulf. This research is based on deductive reasoning and carried out by analysis of cross effects with secondary data (results of other prominent articles) and also primary data (questionnaire). sampling method is based on purposive sampling and Micmac software was used to analyze the data. Output of Micmac software shows the position of the instability of the system. Therefore, the position of each variables in the conceptual model can be categorized to driver, linkage, dependent, and autonomous factors. The research findings indicate 4 variables (like as “income, cost and investmnets in port-city”) can be introduced as a driver factor, 5 variables (like as “advanced multimodal transportation in the port”) can be introduced as a linkage factor, 6 variables (like as “quality of living environment and desirable city”) can be introduced as a dependent factor, 3 variables (like as “environmental protection and sustainable development of the city-port”) can be introduced as an autonomous factor. The rapid development of Dubai can be explained by the purposeful distribution of revenues from trade and tourismExtended AbstractIntroductionDuring the last century, ports of Persian Gulf become the most important storage, refining and transportation of crude oil, oil derivation, petrochemical products and also, business activities. The global increase in oil demand since the 1950s led to the creation of discovery of new oil wells and large industrial areas. With the construction of new oil or gas facilities in the port areas, increasing oil revenues contributed to the countries of the Persian Gulf region and form a new geographical relationship between ports and coastal cities which had an impact on the spatial structure and relation of them. Nowadays, due to functional diversity between ports, the impact of port activities on the development of urban spaces will be different, and this issue leads to structural differences of port cities. In the 1950s, Containerization (container loading technology) was based in some of the world's ports and created a huge transformation in the shipping industry, which had a significant impact on the development of ports. Although the ports of the Persian Gulf have made a significant contribution to the economic growth and physical development of other ports in the world, but few researches have been done on the variables and factors affecting the development of the spatial structure of the important ports of the Persian Gulf. This region, due to its unique geographical location, has always been considered as a most important corridor in the field of economic and transportation throughout history. Some of the most important energy and commercial ports in this region are: Dubai, Manama, Kuwait, Dammam, Doha, Bushehr, Bandar-Abbas and Assaluyeh. In this regard, the purpose of this research is to identify the key variables affecting the relations and spatial structure of port-city in Dubai as the most thriving and successful port-city in the Persian Gulf. MethodologyThis research is based on deductive reasoning and carried out by analysis of cross effects with secondary data (results of other prominent articles) and also primary data (questionnaire). The method used in this research is quantitative and the sampling method is based on purposive sampling. the variables affecting the spatial structure of port-city relations were identified in the form of a review of 31 prominent articles. 25 experts (who had comprehensive knowledge and information about the development process of the city-port of Dubai) participated to determine the effectiveness or influence of variables. Finally, the output of data analysis was done by the Micmac software. Results and discussionOutput of Micmac software shows the position of the variables in the diagram that it indicates their status in the system and their role in the dynamics and changes of the system. The method of distribution and dispersion of the variables in the spatial structure of port-city relations indicates the instability of the system. Therefore, based on the output of the system, the position of each variables in the conceptual model can be identified in five categories (driver, linkage, dependent, autonomous and regulatory variables). According to the results, some variables such as “the changes in the strategic positions” and “geopolitics of port-city”, “the modification of the management method” and “regional planning of the ports”, “the promotion of local governance in the relations between port-city” and “the way of national and international management of ports have been introduced as driver variables. On the other hand, five variables consist of “advanced multimodal transportation in the port” and “income, cost and investment in the port-city”, “the contrast and physical integration of the port - city space”, “the development of various industrial and production activities in the ports and their local hinterland” and “their qualities Financial and commercial policies of ports” have been introduced as linkage variables. Findings of research also shows that some variables consist of “quality of living environment and desirable city”, “quantity and quality of transit corridors (rail, road and air) to hinterland”, “construction and launching the new port (sea port or dry port)”, “terminal facilities and infrastructure and warehousing”, “conflict or convergence between the city and the port” and “increase in population growth rate and migration to the port - city” categorized as dependent variables. Three variables including “cultural and historical background of ports”, “use of cheaper energy, Less-polluted, clean and renewable energies in the city-port” and “environmental protection and sustainable development of the city-port” categorized as autonomous variables. Finally, a variable with the title of “improvement in management and information technology and development in loading, unloading and storage of commodities” have been introduced as regulatory variables. The findings of this research have a remarkable similarity with other researches carried out in the field of city-port relation and clearly emphasize the direct impact of the "investment in port-city" in the development of them. For example, Grossmann (2008) emphasized that city-port of Hamburg has become one of the largest ports in Northern Europe during the last few decades due to huge domestic and foreign investment. ConclusionThis research carried out in order to introduce and explain the key variables affecting the development of the spatial structure of the port-city of Dubai. On this basis, 21 variables have been extracted by systematic reviews of prominent articles. In the following, 25 experts were selected with the purposive sampling method. Among the 21 variables extracted, 4 variables (like as “geopolitics of port-city”) introduced as a driver factor, 5 variables (like as “advanced multimodal transportation in the port”) introduced as a linkage factor, 6 variables (like as “quality of living environment and desirable city”) introduced as a dependent factor, 3 variables (like as “environmental protection and sustainable development of the city-port”) introduced as an autonomous factor. The rapid development of Dubai can be explained by the purposeful distribution of revenues from trade and tourism. A part of these revenues has been directed towards investment in important transportation infrastructures such as airports and ports of this city. These strategies have a wide impact on improving the economic growth of the city and the development of the port in order to adapt with the global trade and advanced technologies. FundingThere is no funding support. Authors’ ContributionAuthors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of InterestAuthors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

Every single word and sentence of eloquent words have been selected and arranged in a purposeful and logical way. The Quranic researchers have sought to discover the way of relation and the philosophy of the arrangement (order and formation) of the Qur'anic verses since the Quran is the most eloquent word. The process (semantic relations) is also defined in this way in order to provide a simple understanding of how the verses of the Qur'anic chapters are related. The content of each sura is divided into several semantic domains and the relationship between these relations is examined based on this new process. In this paper, the process (semantic relations) is adapted to the two suras (Arabic: سورة, chapters) of Ash-Shams (Arabic: الشمس) and al-Layl (Arabic: اللیل) in a descriptive analytical method to find an answer to the question of how the application of the process of semantic relations leads to the discovery of the textual coherence of Suras Ash-Shams and al-Layl. Finally, it is concluded that there is a central semantic relation in each of these two surahs that the rest of the relations are arranged in different methods of expressing in order to prove or believability and better understanding of that central meaning.

The normalization theory in relational database design is a classical subject investigated in di_erent papers. The results of these research works are the stronger normal forms such as 5NF, DKNF and 6NF. In these normal forms, there are less anomalies and redundancies, but it does not mean that these stronger normal forms are free of anomalies and redundancies. Each normal form discussion is based on a particular constraint. In this paper, we introduce relations who contain a new kind of constraint called \combinational constraint". We distinguish two important kinds of these constraints, namely Strong and Weak. Also we classify the Combinationally Constrained Relations as Single and Multiple. We introduce all kinds of such relations and specify them using their quantitative properties, formally. It can be shown that these relations are in 5NF or 6NF and still they contain redundancies and have some anomalies.

After decades of neglecting the role of culture in international relations, in recent years again attention has been paid to this factor. Nevertheless, once the discussion about the role and place of culture in international relations and politics arises there are different and at time misleading interpretation about the concept. The aim of the present article is to identify the links between culture and international relations. For this reason the article examines different texts which have focused on the subjects of culture and international relations. The study shows that although the scope of culture includes cultural policy priorities in foreign policy and thus cultural relations of nations, it is far from being limited to that. The impact of culture on foreign policy decision making, the role of cultural differences, as in looking into international system, in making misunderstandings, disputes and conflicts cover some other aspects of the relevancy. Finally the classification comes to an end by reviewing Ned Lebow’s cultural theory of international relations.

Following the developments that have occurred in recent decades, once again religion as an important variable have been entered in the social sphere and has challenged secularism authority in all areas. This led to not only have been focused attentions once again to the role of religion in political relations, rather many believe that despite the prevailing notion, religion has acted in the human life in different ways and has a positive function in order to achieve peace and a negative function by fueling tensions. In response to the how religion Is permanently acting In the public sphere in general, this hypothesis is followed that religion because it has been along human history and provides a framework that mankind think and act in its form, affect his life in a variety of ways and so, what is known as the secularist although denied the authority of religion as a guide to life, but could not quit itself from the and its indirect and hidden consequences of religion so that following change in circumstances and communities, onc again had proceeded besides hidden influence revitalized its authority in all aspects of human life.

This research aims to explain the agents, structure, objectives, and ultimate end of transcendent international relations. To this end, at the meta-theoretical level, the epistemological, ontological, and anthropological foundations are addressed. The main question is: What are the characteristics of transcendent international relations at the meta-theoretical level? The findings indicate that in transcendent international relations, dynamism governs international interactions; evolution is inherent to its essence, and it is oriented toward an ultimate end. Rules, laws, and traditions govern it, demonstrating that human beings, states, and other international entities, while possessing free will, also bear responsibility and are accountable for their policies and actions. In explaining the agents of international relations, given the principles related to the study of human nature, it was determined that, in terms of the four human faculties—the rational (ʿāqila), the irascible (ghaḍabiyya), the estimative (wāhima), and the bestial (bahīmiyya)—eight types of human beings can be identified, and consequently eight types of agents in international relations. Each type produces a particular form of international relations through its actions. Among them, the type of agency in which the rational faculty predominates has the effective capacity to transform existing international relations toward transcendent or desirable international relations. Regarding the structure of international relations at global, regional, and national levels, two structures were discussed: the virtuous (fāḍila) and the non-virtuous. In the structure of virtuous international relations, its nature is just, flexible, adaptive and guiding, cultural, oriented toward transcendence, progressive, peace-seeking, and invitational. The process of this structure is based on changing the status quo, transformation, and evolution. In the objectives and ultimate end of transcendent international relations, the importance of power and its acquisition as one of the objectives was addressed. However, attaining power is not permissible by any means, and the goal of acquiring power is not domination or superiority-seeking; rather, power derives its meaning and significance in the service of realizing transcendent objectives. The development of ethics and divine-human values, and the establishment of justice in relations among countries, are considered other objectives. The ultimate end of international relations is oriented toward perfection, and its future horizon is bright and transcendent, encompassing the attainment of human societies to divine proximity (qurb ilāhī). The final finding is that, in order to achieve sustainable peace, effective structures and institutions, the elimination of discrimination and oppression, the establishment of justice and equality, the realization of the rights of nations, and the formation of a desirable international society, it is necessary to move beyond conventional and base international relations and attain transcendent international relations. The agents, structures, objectives, and transcendent ultimate end possess the necessary capacity and power to realize transcendent international relations. Methodologically, by selecting the macro level of analysis—both material and spiritual—and adopting a theological approach with a descriptive-analytical method, each of the characteristics of transcendent international relations is explained. International relations, as an independent academic discipline, possesses its own specific subject matter, set of issues, methodology, objectives, and theorists. Each of the existing theories, within the main currents of realism, liberalism, and communism, has its own ontological, epistemological, anthropological, and methodological foundations. Commitment to these foundations leads to the formation and production of knowledge and the construction of theory specific to it. A review of the history of theorizing in international relations shows that studies in this field have largely been influenced by materialist meta-theory and a positivist approach. This has caused international relations theories to address only one dimension of international relations, whereas broader dimensions can be conceived that go beyond the material. In transcendent international relations, not only are the material and worldly dimensions of human life in the global society considered, but—with attention to the existential purposes of humanity and the philosophy of creation—all dimensions of international relations, including material, spiritual, and otherworldly, are taken into account. What is certain is that any change or transformation in meta-theory and epistemological sources will bring about extensive effects and consequences in theory production. Transcendent international relations does not rest content with this level of explanation; rather, by choosing the macro level of analysis—material, spiritual, and eschatological—it presents a new narrative and explanation that encompasses everything from the macro level to the micro level and the action programs of states.

Implementation of Fourth Social, Cultural and Economic Plan in Iran is on the government agenda. In this Plan, “the accountability of Iranian higher education centers to the social, cultural and industrial demands” is emphasized. Therefore, building university – industry relations has special place in this plan. The purpose of this article is to examine the nature of university-industry relations and to present recommendations for its improvement. In this study, Meta Analysis was used for evaluation and analysis of literature, and interviews made with specialists in university- industry relations. Thereby, examination of documents about university-industry relations in six universities (MIT, Cambridge, Tokyo, Amir Kabir, Isfahan Polytechnic and Shahid Beheshti) and in-depth interviews with university-industry scholars and administrators in three Iranian universities, provided useful information for the researcher.‏‏The article, evaluates university industry relations in the West and Iran. Then, research and development in four countries, United States, United Kingdom, Japan and Iran is reviewed. The rest of this section discusses university – industry relations, and analysis of research founding in the sample universities. The final section presents the recommendations for improvement of university-industry relations including government support, industry support of universities, strengthening industries, and economic development, structural changes at universities, planning and patent and licensing.